On April 18, 1942, Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle led a daring and audacious aerial raid that would become a pivotal psychological turning point in World War II. Launching sixteen B-25 Mitchell bombers from the USS Hornet aircraft carrier, Doolittle and his brave volunteers executed the first American bombing raid on the Japanese home islands, specifically targeting Tokyo.The mission was incredibly risky: these medium-range bombers were never designed for carrier takeoff, especially from such a limited deck space. Doolittle's crews had practiced intense, specialized short-takeoff techniques, knowing they would likely not have enough fuel to return to the carrier. The plan was essentially a one-way mission, with crews expected to crash-land or bail out in China after bombing Japan.Despite intense anti-aircraft fire and near-impossible launching conditions, all sixteen bombers successfully took off and struck their targets. While the physical damage was minimal, the psychological impact was enormous. The raid shocked the Japanese military leadership, who had believed their homeland was impenetrable, and it dramatically boosted American morale after the devastating Pearl Harbor attack just months earlier.Of the 80 raiders, most survived the mission through extraordinary circumstances, with some being captured, others evading capture, and a few making remarkable escapes through Japanese-occupied territories. Doolittle, initially believing he would be court-martialed for the apparent suicide mission, was instead awarded the Medal of Honor and celebrated as a national hero.