IIEA Talks

'Europe from the Inside' In the final edition of IIEA Insights before the summer break, recently retired Head of the European Commission’s Representation Office in Dublin, Barbara Nolan, will offer reflections from her decades-long career in the EU civil service. In the discussion, she will examine the changing role of the European Commission and other EU institutions; power dynamics within the bloc in the context of a near-tripling of members during her career; and how Britain’s exit from the bloc has changed it. Barbara will also offer perspectives on Ireland’s interests and positions in the EU over three decades. Barbara Nolan was Head of the European Commission Representation in Ireland on two occasions, from 2021-2024 and 2010-2016, but spent most of her career at the Commission’s HQ in Brussels. There, she was in charge of Fundamental Rights Policy in the Justice and Consumers Directorate General and represented the Commission on the board of the Fundamental Rights Agency. She was also responsible for the coordination of the Erasmus+ programme, the reform and modernisation of Higher Education, and worked on Anti-Discrimination Policy and Communications and Media. She was the European Commission's Spokesperson for Employment, Social Affairs and Health matters, as well as for Justice and Home Affairs.

Ireland is home to a high-performing life sciences industry, offering outstanding opportunities for both economic development and public health. Unlike other European countries, however, Ireland does not have a holistic vision for the future of the sector. This is set to change, as the Government has promised to develop a national life sciences strategy. Our European peers have already adopted ambitious strategies to secure the industry and harness its social benefits, coordinating policy across a range of areas from enterprise and investment to research and healthcare. This event series, organised by the Institute of International and European Affairs (IIEA) in partnership with Johnson & Johnson, will explore these questions and more, bringing together Irish and European leaders from industry, public policy, and academia to discuss the right approach for a national life sciences strategy for Ireland. The second event of this series, entitled Developing a Life Sciences Vision for Ireland: Insights from Europe on Health Innovation, will look how Ireland should shape its life sciences strategy through a healthcare lens. The panellists will discuss the case for a coordinated government approach and explore how aligning healthcare policy with sectoral strategy can unleash benefits both for patients and the economy. Based on their experiences at both national and international level, the panellists will examine what other European countries have done to strengthen links between industry and healthcare systems, prepare for future waves of innovation, and how Ireland can use collaboration with the wider health sector to strengthen its position as a global life sciences hub. Panellists: Professor Mary Horgan, Chief Medical Officer at the Department of Health Ann Van Gysel, CEO of Biovia, Belgium Dr Niklas Blomberg, Executive Director of Innovative Health Initiative Gwynne Morley, General Manager at IQVIA Ireland Ronan Glynn, EY Ireland Health Sector Leader.

In 2024 there were more internet shutdowns, occurring in more countries, than ever before. In this event, Felicia Anthonio, KeepItOn Campaign Manager at Access Now, and Zach Rosson, KeepItOn Data and Research Lead at Access Now, outline Access Now’s latest report: Emboldened offenders, endangered communities: internet shutdowns in 2024. This report documents internet shutdowns and their often devastating impacts – including for human rights and human life — around the world. About the Speakers: Felicia Anthonio is #KeepItOn Campaign Manager at Access Now, an organisation which campaigns to promote digital rights and freedom of expression. The #KeepItOn Campaign is global campaign of over 300 organizations that fights against internet shutdowns. Felicia has authored and co-authored several publications on internet shutdowns and hosted the Kill Switch Podcast. Felicia is also an Advisory Council member of the US-based Open Technology Fund (OTF) and a board member of the World Expression Forum (WEXFO), in Norway. Zach Rosson is the #KeepItOn Data Analyst and Research Lead at Access Now, where he helps fight internet shutdowns globally. His past experience includes data analytics in the private sector as well as computational scientific research. He has published research in the field of seismology, using data mining and statistics to study earthquake risk due to fracking activities by the energy industry.

The emergence of quantum technologies may accelerate technological development and have far-reaching economic and societal impacts. In this event, Dr Gustav Kalbe, Acting Director for Emerging and Enabling Technologies, DG CONNECT, in the European Commission discusses EU policies toward quantum technologies, including the forthcoming EU Quantum Strategy and the EU Quantum Act. Mr Kalbe focuses part of his remarks on the EU’s policies to promote the development of quantum technologies as well as how the risks that these technologies may pose can be addressed. About the Speaker: Dr Gustav Kalbe is the Acting Director for Emerging and Enabling Technologies in DG CONNECT in the European Commission. He joined the European Commission in 1998 and has held several assignments in quantum technologies, photonics, and cybersecurity. In January 2021, he was appointed Deputy to the Director of DG CONNECT for Digital Excellence and Science Infrastructure. In 2018 Dr Kalbe became responsible for the establishment and operation of the European High Performance Computing Joint Undertaking. Dr. Kalbe holds a PhD in Physics.

Ireland’s ambitions to reach net-zero carbon emissions by 2050 will require a fundamental transformation of its energy systems, including its gas network. Renewable gases such as hydrogen and biomethane can play an important role in this transition and in future-proofing Ireland’s energy supply. Renewable gases have the potential to enable sectors that cannot easily electrify to decarbonise. They also have the potential to enhance Ireland’s energy security while creating opportunities for export-driven economic growth. This panel discussion, organised in conjunction with Gas Networks Ireland, will discuss the transformation that might be required in Ireland’s gas network to reach net-zero carbon emissions, as well as the long-term potential benefits for Irish society and the wider economy that this transformation might yield. About the Speakers: Edwina Nyhan, Director of Strategy and Regulation at Gas Networks Ireland Tom O’Brien, Group Chief Executive of Nephin Energy Katy McNeil, Head of Scottish Government Office, Ireland Charlie Brophy, Principal Officer, Electricity Storage and Hydrogen Policy in the Department of Climate, Energy and the Environment.

In his online address to the IIEA, Professor Avi Shlaim discusses his new book, Genocide in Gaza: Israel’s Long War on Palestine, a Times Literary Supplement Book of the Year 2024. In the book, Avi Shlaim places Israel’s policy towards the Gaza Strip under an uncompromising lens, arguing that Israel has gone beyond land-grabbing and ethnic cleansing to now committing genocide. As a collection of essays written between 2021-2024, the book begins with a foreword by Francesca Albanese, UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967, and ends with the statement made by Blinne Ní Ghrálaigh KC to the International Court of Justice in the Case of Genocide against Israel. About the Speaker: Avi Shlaim is Emeritus Professor of International Relations at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of the British Academy. He is one of the most acclaimed historians of modern Palestinian and Israeli history. His books include Collusion across the Jordan: King Abdullah, the Zionist Movement, and the Partition of Palestine (1988); War and Peace in the Middle East: A Concise History (1995); The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World (2000, updated edition 2014); Lion of Jordan: The Life of King Hussein in War and Peace (2007); Israel and Palestine: Reappraisals, Revisions, Refutations (2009); Three Worlds: Memoir of an Arab-Jew (2023), and Genocide in Gaza: Israel’s Long War on Palestine (2024).

In her address to the IIEA, Ruth Owen, Deputy Director at FEANTSA, examines the European Union’s efforts to address homelessness through its evolving affordable housing agenda. As the EU has no direct competence in housing, the responsibility for policies on and investment in social and affordable housing remains with the Member States. Drawing on over a decade of experience in homelessness policy, she explores the potential of EU initiatives to support more inclusive and effective housing solutions across Member States, including the European Platform on Combatting Homelessness and the affordable housing initiative as part of the Commission's renovation wave strategy for Europe. She considers the challenges of implementation, the role of national governments, and the need for integrated policy responses to ensure that affordable housing contributes meaningfully to the fight against homelessness. Speaker bio: Ruth Owen is Deputy Director at FEANTSA (European Federation of National Associations Working with the Homeless), where she has worked since 2010. She is an expert on homelessness and public policies to address it. She has a special interest in housing policy. Prior to working on homelessness, Ruth studied geography and worked as a teacher in London.

A Keynote Address by Stephen Doughty, UK Minister of State for Europe, North America and Overseas Territories About the Speaker: Stephen Doughty was appointed Minister of State for Europe, North America and Overseas Territories in the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office in July 2024. Mr Doughty was first elected as Welsh Labour and Co-operative Member of Parliament for Cardiff South and Penarth in November 2012. He studied at Lester B. Pearson UWC in Canada, Oxford University, and St Andrews University. He later worked for the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly and for members of the then National Assembly for Wales. Mr Doughty spent a number of years working for humanitarian and international development NGOs World Vision UK, Oxfam GB, Oxfam International, and Oxfam Cymru. During the previous Labour government, he was Special Adviser to the Secretary of State for International Development. In 2020 he was appointed Shadow Foreign Affairs and International Development Minister and in 2021 he was appointed Shadow Minister for Europe, North America and the Overseas Territories. He also served on the Wales, Home Affairs, Arms Export Controls and International Development Committees in Parliament, as an opposition Whip, and a Shadow Minister for Trade and Industry. He chaired the All-Party Parliamentary Group for HIV and Aids and was a member of the British-Irish Parliamentary Assembly. Minister Doughty completed the Armed Forces Parliamentary scheme, attending the Royal College of Defence Studies 2017 to 2018 and has also served as an Army Reservist.

In this event, Alan Matthews, Professor Emeritus of European Agricultural Policy at Trinity College Dublin, presents the key themes from his upcoming paper Designing Agricultural Climate Policy in Ireland - From 2030 to Net Zero. The paper, which is the third in the IIEA’s Pathways project, examines the strategic and institutional challenges involved in defining appropriate long-term targets for agricultural emissions in Ireland, and explores the ambiguities and trade-offs in setting 2040 and 2050 targets. It makes the case for exploring the introduction of an agricultural emissions trading scheme to incentivise further progress towards reducing net emissions, and how this could be designed to minimise the impact on farm income while encouraging the necessary structural changes in our food and agricultural system. Prof. Matthews’ presentation is followed by a discussion with an expert panel. Panel bios: Alan Matthews is Professor Emeritus of European Agricultural Policy at Trinity College Dublin, Ireland, and a former President of the European Association of Agricultural Economists. He is also a former member of the Irish Climate Change Advisory Council. His research interests include the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy, the relationships between trade and food security, and WTO trade norms and disciplines. Niamh Garvey joined the National Economic and Social Council (NESC) as Senior Policy Analyst in March 2021, where she works on sustainable development and climate action. Prior to this, she was Head of Policy and Advocacy at Trócaire, an Irish international development organisation operating in 17 countries across Africa, Asia, and Latin America. In this role, she led a team of advisors focused on climate change, sustainable agriculture, business and human rights, and international finance. Niamh has also held research and advocacy positions with Christian Aid and the Institute of Development Studies and has served as a Board Director for several NGOs, including Debt and Development Coalition Ireland, Friends of the Earth Ireland, and Fairtrade Mark Ireland. She is a graduate of Durham University and the Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex. Kevin Hanrahan is Head of Rural Economy and Development Programme at Teagasc. He leads the Rural Economy and Development Programme at Teagasc, based at the Rural Economy & Development Centre in Athenry, Co. Galway. His research focuses on the economic analysis of agricultural markets, including both input and output sectors, with a particular emphasis on agricultural land and factor markets. His research interests are in partial equilibrium modelling of Irish and European agriculture, the economics of climate change as it relates to agriculture, and the microeconomic impacts of agricultural policy reform. Dr Hanrahan also studies the effects of trade policy changes on Irish and EU agriculture and is a noted expert in the economics of Irish beef production.

New Zealand’s emissions profile is even more heavily weighted towards biogenic emissions than Ireland’s. However, the country’s emissions trading scheme (ETS) has only targeted emissions from the combustion of fossil fuel. Attempts to extend it to agricultural emissions have been controversial and unsuccessful to date although current government policy is to target methane emissions by 2030. The ETS does, however, have a powerful influence on land use decisions. Emitters have unlimited recourse to forestry units as a means of meeting their obligations. Carbon forestry can deliver higher returns than sheep and beef on much of the hill country, resulting in tens of thousands of hectares being forested. In his address to the IIEA, Simon Upton discusses New Zealand’s climate policies and how the distortions that have resulted pose significant challenges for the future of both land use and emissions reductions. About the Speaker: Simon Upton was sworn in as Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment for a five-year term on 16 October 2017. Simon is now in his second 5-year term. Mr Upton is a Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand and a Rhodes Scholar, with degrees in English literature, music and law from the University of Auckland, and an MLitt in political philosophy from Oxford University. He was sworn in as a member of the Privy Council in 1999. A Member of Parliament between 1981 and 2000, Mr Upton held a variety of ministerial portfolios including environment, research, biosecurity, health and state services between 1990 and 1999. After leaving Parliament, Mr Upton moved to Paris to chair the Round Table on Sustainable Development at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). In 2005, he returned to New Zealand to pursue a number of private sector roles while continuing to chair the Round Table.