Foundations of Amateur Radio In the analogue world you throw up an antenna, turn on your radio, tune to a station and sound comes out. Aside from propagation restrictions, you don't particularly care when you do this. In contrast, if you fire up a WSPR or Weak Signal Propagation Reporter, each transmission lasts 110.6 seconds, every 120 seconds, starting on the even minute. An FT8 signal takes 12.6 seconds within a 15 second window. In other words, to use WSPR or FT8 you need to both transmit and receive at the right time for this to work. You don't need to go to modern modes to get the idea that time matters. Listening to any CW signal will give you an idea that time and timing is important. To give you a sense of what I mean, if you turn on your radio in the middle of a dah, in the middle of a letter, you're likely to hear the wrong symbol, perhaps decoding the partial dah as a dit and missing the first part, hearing a partial letter Q, dah dah dit dah as a dit dit dah, the letter U, and that is completely ignoring inter letter and inter word spacing. The point being that time matters for radio signals. So, if we're going to build a system that can handle radio signals inside a computer, we'll need to deal with time. Decoding is one thing, but what if you want to compare two radio signals from two different antennas? You can build a direction finding tool consisting of multiple antennas that can determine the direction of a signal by calculating the difference in time between when a signal arrived at one antenna and when it arrived at another. Of course, the distance between each antenna matters, so we'd need to deal with time in such a way that we can actually measure this. RF travels about 30 centimetres in a nanosecond. If that's not enough, what happens if you're digitising an analogue signal and sending it across the network to be processed? Not only do you need to track if information arrived at its destination or was lost in transit, if you're combining multiple signals, you'll also need to know when the information was captured. Which brings us to something entirely different and perhaps surprising. If I say "now", that moment is not the same for everybody on the planet. You might be listening to this on the train to work, your local repeater, on YouTube, or reading it on social media or in your email. Even me writing the word and reading it out loud are two different times. In other words, agreeing on time is not obvious. We could all look at the clock and share the information, but is that accurate enough? Do we tell each other how many seconds past midnight UTC, or do we need to know half or tenths of seconds? To use WSPR and FT8 it's generally enough to use the NTP or Network Time Protocol. It can be as accurate as 1 millisecond, but is that enough? To give you a sense of how precise we might need to be, a HF signal takes about 66 milliseconds to travel halfway around the globe. A mobile phone tower signal travels 6 kilometres in about 0.02 milliseconds, so NTP isn't really precise enough for what we might need. If you've played with a GPS, you might know that you can use it to determine when "now" is. It's theoretically capable of a 14 nanosecond accuracy, but by the time you actually use it, it's more like 100 nanoseconds. There's a million nanoseconds in a millisecond and a billion nanoseconds in a second. If you were to store nanoseconds as a 64-bit unsigned number, you could count between now and just over 584 years from now. Something else to consider. If you had two analogue to digital converters and you wanted to synchronise them, 1 nanosecond would allow you to get two 1 GHz signals to start at the same time, providing that you knew what time it was to that level of accuracy. If you're keen, look up maser. Before you point out that this means we'd be limited to anything below the 23cm band at 1.2 GHz, I'd like to mention that this is about representing all of it, 0 Hz to 1 GHz as one chunk of spectrum at the same time. In reality, you're much more likely to only want part of that, not to mention that we'd need to transport and process all that data as well. Which brings us to bandwidth considerations, but that's a conversation for another time. Credit to Nick VA3NNW, Kent AC1HJ, Dave VK6KV and Randall VK6WR for their thoughts and explanations. Any mistakes are all mine, feel free to point them out. I'm Onno VK6FLAB

From planetary alignment through the galaxy to spacetime expansion, The Supermassive Team answer your questions. Keep sending us your questions, email us on podcast@ras.ac.uk or find us on instagram @SupermassivePod

We’re releasing episodes from our mini failure library while we’re on production hiatus. This week’s Mini Failure is about the Artemis Project. It’s not really about a failure, but as our last mini failure before our hiatus, we wanted to talk about an engineering project we thought was interesting. The artemis project is aiming to put people back on the moon. Original Air Date: August 20, 2023 Episode Sources https://www.nasa.gov/specials/artemis/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis_program Ways to get in touch with us Email - thefailurologypodcast@gmail.com Website - www.failurology.ca

What's in the Night Sky for March? Cosmic Corner is presented by Paul Evans, Sinéad Mannion, and Graham Sales. Highlights for March's podcast include details on upcoming Irish Astronomy Week, more on irishastronomyweek.ie, and Midlands Astronomy event Cosmos, see midlandsastronomy.ie. .Solar cycle 25 is very active so be on the lookout for Aurora, Paul will tell you the best times and websites to use. March skies make for a possible Mercury sighting, a rarity even for the most experienced astronomer and Graham updates us on the Japanese lunar lander, Slim ... Keep Looking Up!... Paul, Graham & Sinéad

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In lieu of a full episode this week, I am introducing my new online guided course The Universe is Speaking to You through Numbers which is an Introductory Course to Numerology and How to Interpret Numeric Patters for Personal Alignment. Learn to decipher the messages you receive in the form of angel numbers for yourself rather than falling down the Google rabbit hole only to receive generic, impersonal information. So much can be gained when you learn to speak the language of the Universe! Check it out in the Shop on my website linked below available on 11/11! GIVEAWAY ANNOUNCEMENT! Win a free 30-minute Introductory Numerology Reading with me by simply rating and reviewing Between 2 Realms on Apple Podcasts! Email screenshot of your review submitted to me at Lauren@IlluminatedLifeHealing.com to get entered into the drawing to win! Submissions must be received prior to November 10th, at 12 PM EST to be included in the drawing. The winner will be announced on 11/11! More details within the episode and can be found on the Podcast page of my website.   The Universe is Speaking to You Through Numbers: An Introductory Course to Numerology and How to Interpret Numeric Patterns for Personal Alignment available for purchase on 11/11 via the link below! illuminatedlifehealing.com/shop   More details on the FREE NUMEROLOGY READING GIVEAWAY here! illuminatedlifehealing.com/podcast   Numerology Readings can be booked via my website booking page at illuminatedLifeHealing.com/booking-1.   Follow me on Instagram at instagram.com/illuminated_life_healing Follow me on Facebook at facebook.com/illuminatedlifehealing  

In this episode, I talk about how quantum spin and how bosons and fermions differ from their wave functions and their rotational properties, and how this results in the existence of matter.

Join Dr. Chance takes his audience on a journey if time travel is possible.  Do you have a question for Dr. Chance Glenn? You can Tweet them to him @Professor_Glenn, or @DebriefMedia. Also, be sure to check out the video installments of "Ask Dr. Chance" on The Debrief's official YouTube Channel.  Follow The Debrief Follow Us: Web: https://thedebrief.org/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/Debriefmedia  Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/thedebriefnews  Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thedebriefmedia/   

This week's episode of Clear and Present podcast takes a closer look at biodefense and the Department of Defense's revised biosecurity postures. We're joined by Dr. Diane DiEuliis from the National Defense University, who'll walk us through the current and future states of biodefense. Tune in now and let us know what you think! The episode is available on iTune, Spotify and Google Podcast.

In this episode of Dear People Of Earth Podcast, we talk about the UFO and UAP activism work of Steve Bassett, spanning almost 30 years. Hear about what Steve believes is happening, his thoughts on disclosure, the development of his new non-profit think tank and where we go after disclosure. You may also view this on Youtube beginning 9-12-2023.    YOUTUBE CHANNEL - Here Homepage - Here   More About Steve Bassett Stephen Bassett is a political activist, Disclosure advocate and the executive director of Paradigm Research Group (PRG) founded in 1996 to end a government-imposed embargo on the truth behind extraterrestrial related phenomena. He has spoken to audiences around the world about the implications of "Disclosure" - the formal confirmation by heads of state of an extraterrestrial presence engaging the human race. He has lectured around the world on the political implications of UAP/ET phenomena and given over 1200 radio and television interviews. PRG's advocacy work has been extensively covered by national and international media including being featured on CNN, Fox News, MSNBC and in the Washington Post and New York Times.   In 2013 PRG organized and conducted a "Citizen Hearing on Disclosure" at the National Press Club in Washington. In November of 2014 PRG launched a two-year political initiative out of Washington, DC that injected the ET issue into the 2016 presidential campaign. Bassett has appeared in many documentary films and his lectures and interviews are well represented on YouTube.       Steve will soon be part of a new project based out of Los Angeles, CA.   Main website: www.paradigmresearchgroup.org PRG Media coverage: https://paradigmresearchgroup.org/prg-media-coverage/